Fonio, or acha (Digitaria exilis and D. iburua), is a good example of the potential of native grains. Probably Africa's oldest cereal, fonio has been cultivated for thousands of years across the dry grasslands of West Africa. It is one of the best tasting and most nutritious of all grains. It tolerates poor soil, growing where few other crops can succeed. Some varieties can be harvested just six to eight weeks after they are planted, providing food early in the growing season when the main crop is still growing and last year's stored food may have been depleted. With both early and late maturing varieties, fonio can provide food almost continually throughout the growing season. The report notes that fonio is a crop with substantial potential for improvement as a food source. It urges increased attention from the scientific community to raise yields, increase seed size, reduce seed shattering, and ease the difficulties of cookingand processing.
National Research Council, Lost Crops of Africa: Volume I, Grains, Washington, D.C. National Academy Press, 1996.